SEAS routinely conducts hydrographic surveys without the use of sonar systems. These surveys are typically shallow ponds, lakes, canals, ditches, and streams, which are part of a topographic survey where the use of sonar systems is either not practical or not possible. Soundings are collected from a small boat or more often wading. Survey techniques involve RTK GPS or Robotic Total Station (RTS) for positioning depending on the environment (canopy). The soundings are measured with a range pole (w/topo foot) or level rod with GPS antenna or prism mounted on top. The water surface may also be surveyed and used for the vertical reference for the soundings. A lead line may also be used to measure soundings with the water surface for vertical reference and positioning from GPS or RTS. Lead line is frequently used by SEAS from a bridge or along features such as walls and structures.